Impact of Probiotic Combination inInR[E19]/TM2Drosophila melanogasteron Longevity, Related Gene Expression, and Intestinal Microbiota: A Preliminary Study

The insulin receptor (InR) pertains to the insulin receptor family, which plays a key role in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like signaling (IIS) pathway. Insulin signaling defects may result in the development of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, and theInRmutant has been suggested to bear insulin signaling deficiency. Numerous studies have reported that probiotics are beneficial for the treatment of diabetes; however, the effect of probiotics on patients withInRdeficiency has seldom been reported. Therefore, we chose theInR([E19])/TM2Drosophila melanogasterto investigate. The results indicated that probiotics significantly reduce the mean and median lifespan ofInR([E19])/TM2Drosophila(by 15.56% and 23.82%, respectively), but promote that of wild-type files (by 9.31% and 16.67%, respectively). Significant differences were obtained in the expression of lifespan- and metabolism-related genes, such asImp-L2,Tor, andGstD2, between the standard diet groups and the probiotics groups. Furthermore, analysis of 16S rDNA via high throughput sequencing revealed that the gut bacterial diversity ofDrosophilafed with a probiotic combination also differs from that ofDrosophilafed with a standard diet. In summary, these findings indicate that a probiotic combination indeed affectsInR([E19])/TM2Drosophila, but not all of its impacts are positive.