Genetic Parameters of Birth Weight and Weaning Weight and Their Relationship with Gestation Length and Age at First Calving in Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae)

Simple Summary Hanwoo cattle is considered one of the most economically important species and sources of nutrition for Koreans. Thus, both the reproductive performance and growth traits play an important role in the continuous development and productivity of Hanwoo farming. Therefore, to improve beef production and the profitability of Hanwoo farming, estimations of genetic parameters for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) and their relationship with age at first calving (AFC) and gestation length (GL) are necessary to understand and improve their responses to selection. Thus, this study estimated the variance components, heritability estimates of birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) and their genetic and phenotypic relationship to age at first calving (AFC), and gestation length (GL). Results revealed a moderate and high heritability estimate for BW and WW, which suggests a sluggish and rapid response of these traits to selection, respectively. The moderate and high genetic correlation between BW and reproductive traits (AFC and GL) revealed that the selection of a heavier BW might result in a longer AFC and GL. Although the genetic correlation for BW and AFC was moderate and positive, the phenotypic correlation of close to zero may indicate that the phenotypic expression for these traits is likely to be influenced by the genotype-environment interaction (GxE). Moreover, the genetic and phenotypic correlation between WW and reproductive traits (AFC and GL) indicates that the selection of a heavier WW may not influence the AFC and GL of Hanwoo cow. These estimated genetic parameters and correlations for the studied traits can be utilized for genetic breeding programs of Hanwoo cattle. Hanwoo is one of the most economically important animal species in Korea due to its significant contribution to nutrition. However, the current selection index only focuses to improve carcass traits of Hanwoo. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) and their genetic and phenotypic relationship to the age at first calving (AFC) and gestation length (GL) of Hanwoo. The genetic parameters for birth weight (BW) and weaning weight (WW) were estimated using the data obtained from 52,173 and 35,800 Hanwoo calves born from February 1998 to March 2017, respectively. Further, these data were used to determine their genetic and phenotypic correlation to age at first calving (AFC) and gestation length (GL). The heritability estimates of BW and WW and correlation coefficients were obtained using the average information restricted maximum likelihood (AIREML) procedure, fit in single and two-trait linear animal models. The estimated direct heritability for BW and WW was moderate (0.22 +/- 0.02) and high (0.51 +/- 0.03), respectively, while the maternal heritability for both traits was 0.12 +/- 0.01 and 0.17 +/- 0.01, respectively. The genetic correlation of BW and reproductive traits (AFC and GL) showed a moderate and high positive correlation coefficient of 0.33 +/- 0.06 and 0.53 +/- 0.02, respectively, while close to zero and low positive phenotypic correlations of 0.06 +/- 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.06 were also observed between the correlated traits, respectively. For the correlation analysis between WW and AFC, both the genetic and phenotypic correlation showed close to zero values of 0.04 +/- 0.06 and -0.01 +/- 0.01, respectively. Meanwhile, the genetic and phenotypic correlation between WW and GL showed low and negative correlations of -0. 09 +/- 0.06 and -0.09 +/- 0.01, respectively. These obtained estimated variances for BW and WW and their corresponding genetic and phenotypic correlation to AFC and GL can be used as information for genetic improvement and subsequent economic improvement of Hanwoo farming.