Journal
CANCERS
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061616
Keywords
cancer microenvironment; tumour pH; carbonic anhydrase IX; cancer metabolism; pH-stat; pH measurement in vivo; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; models of tumour pH regulation
Categories
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The acidic tumour microenvironment is now recognized as a tumour phenotype that drives cancer somatic evolution and disease progression, causing cancer cells to become more invasive and to metastasise. This property of solid tumours reflects a complex interplay between cellular carbon metabolism and acid removal that is mediated by cell membrane carbonic anhydrases and various transport proteins, interstitial fluid buffering, and abnormal tumour-associated vessels. In the past two decades, a convergence of advances in the experimental and mathematical modelling of human cancers, as well as non-invasive pH-imaging techniques, has yielded new insights into the physiological mechanisms that govern tumour extracellular pH (pH(e)). In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which solid tumours maintain a low pH(e), with a focus on carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a cancer-associated cell surface enzyme. We also review the accumulating evidence that suggest a role for CAIX as a biological pH-stat by which solid tumours stabilize their pH(e). Finally, we highlight the prospects for the clinical translation of CAIX-targeted therapies in oncology.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available