Journal
CANCERS
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061458
Keywords
lncRNA; incis; intrans; CRISPR
Categories
Funding
- MDAnderson's Cancer Center Support Grant from the US National Cancer Institute [NCI P30CA016672]
- NCI [R01CA166051, R01CA181029]
- Cancer Prevention & Research Institute of Texas [RP190029]
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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, such as development, aging, immunity, and cancer. Mechanistically, lncRNAs exert their functions through interaction with proteins, genomic DNA, and other RNA, leading to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, either incisor intrans; it is often difficult to distinguish between these two regulatory mechanisms. A variety of approaches, including RNA interference, antisense oligonucleotides, CRISPR-based methods, and genetically engineered mouse models, have yielded abundant information about lncRNA functions and underlying mechanisms, albeit with many discrepancies. In this review, we elaborate on the challenges in ascribing functions to lncRNAs based on the features of lncRNAs, including the genomic location, copy number, domain structure, subcellular localization, stability, evolution, and expression pattern. We also describe a framework for the investigation of lncRNA functions and mechanisms of action. Rigorous characterization of cancer-implicated lncRNAs is critical for the identification of bona fide anticancer targets.
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