Journal
EBIOMEDICINE
Volume 57, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102834
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; Lactoferrin; Saliva; Pet imaging; Biomarkers; Frontotemporal dementia
Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [FIS15/00780, FIS18/00118]
- FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid [S2017/BMD-3700]
- CIBERNED [CB06/05/1111, PI2016/01]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SAF201785310-R, PSI2017-85311-P]
- International Centre on ageing CENIE-POCTEP [0348_CIE_6_E]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain [PIE16/00021, PI17/01799]
- Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [PIE16/00021]
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)
- Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness
- Pro CNIC Foundation
- Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence [SEV-2015-0505]
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Background: Evidences of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains may suggest a deteriorated innate immune system in AD pathophysiology. We previously demonstrated reduced salivary lactoferrin (Lf) levels, one of the major antimicrobial proteins, in AD patients. Methods: To assess the clinical utility of salivary Lf for AD diagnosis, we examine the relationship between salivary Lf and cerebral amyloid-beta (A beta) load using amyloid-Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging, in two different cross-sectional cohorts including patients with different neurodegenerative disorders. Findings: The diagnostic performance of salivary Lf in the cohort 1 had an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.95 (0.911-0.992) for the differentiation of the prodromal AD/AD group positive for amyloid-PET (PET+) versus healthy group, and 0.97 (0.924-1) versus the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) group. In the cohort 2, salivary Lf had also an excellent diagnostic performance in the health control group versus prodromal AD comparison: AUC 0.93 (0.876-0.989). Salivary Lf detected prodromal AD and AD dementia distinguishing them from FTD with over 87% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Interpretation: Salivary Lf seems to have a very good diagnostic performance to detect AD. Our findings support the possible utility of salivary Lf as a new non-invasive and cost-effective AD biomarker.
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