Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
Volume 5, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.081601
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Funding
- Fudan University
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11704077]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018T110342]
- DOE-PNNL [428977]
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We report frozen ice patterns for the water droplets impacting on a cold substrate through high-speed images. These patterns can be manipulated by several physical parameters (the droplet size, falling height, and substrate temperature), and the scaling analysis has a remarkable agreement with the phase diagram. The observed double-concentric toroidal shape is attributed to the correlation between the impacting dynamics and freezing process, as confirmed by the spatiotemporal evolution of the droplet temperature, the identified timescale associated with the morphology and solidification (t(inn) similar or equal to tau(sol)), and the ice front-advection model. These results for frozen patterns provide insight into the complex interplay of the rapid impacting hydrodynamics, the transient heat transfer, and the intricate solidification process.
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