Potential enzyme inhibitory properties of extracts and fractions from fruit latex ofFicus carica-based on inhibition ofα-amylase andα-glucosidase

FicusL. is one of the widespread genera of the Moraceae family. We aimed to evaluate the inhibiting effect on digestive enzymes linked to diabetes, the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical composition of active extract/fraction of fruit latex ofFicus caricaL. subsp.carica(All.) Schinz Et Thel. The inhibition effect of extracts and fractions tested with alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase methods and the antioxidant effect investigated with ABTS(center dot+)and FRAP tests. The qualitative determination of compounds within the active extract/fraction was carried out by LC-MS/MS. In a result, the highest alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity found in F2 fraction of fruit latex (IC50 = 195.205 +/- 0.015 mu g/mL and 6.920 +/- 0.026 mu g/mL, respectively). Moreover, the highest total phenolic (26.816 +/- 0.007 mgGAE/g(extract)) and total flavonoid content (8.615 +/- 0.009 mgCA /g(extract)) was found in S1extract and this extract showed the highest antioxidant activity on FRAP (at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 179.802 +/- 2.201 mmol Fe2+) and ABTS(+center dot)(at a concentration of 1 mg/mL equivalent to 0.296 +/- 0.055 mu M Trolox) tests. Besides that, a preliminary examination of the mass spectrums of active F2 fraction and S1 extract revealed the presence of one xanthone, one organic acid derivative, one chromone derivative, one fatty acid and one phenolic acid. It is the first report on alpha-amylase,alpha-glucosidase and antioxidant activities, and phytochemical analysis of fruit latex ofF. caricasubsp.caricaand these studies could contribute to the advanced pharmacological activity studies of this species.