Soil Greenhouse Gas Fluxes From Maize Production Under Different Soil Fertility Management Practices in East Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), few studies have quantified greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions following application of soil amendments, for development of accurate national GHG inventories. Therefore, this study quantified soil GHG emissions using static chambers for two maize cropping seasons (one full year) of four different soil amendments in the central highlands of Kenya. The four treatments were (i) animal manure, (ii) inorganic fertilizer, (iii) combined animal manure and inorganic fertilizer, and (iv) a no-N control (no amendment) laid out in a randomized complete block design. Cumulative annual soil fluxes (February 2017 to February 2018) ranged from -1.03 +/- 0.19 kg CH4-C ha(-1) yr(-1)from the manure inorganic fertilizer treatment to -0.09 +/- 0.03 kg CH4-C ha(-1) yr(-1)from the manure treatment, 1,391 +/- 74 kg CO2-C ha(-1) yr(-1)from the control treatment to 3,574 +/- 113 kg CO2-C ha(-1) yr(-1)from the manure treatment, and 0.13 +/- 0.08 to 1.22 +/- 0.12 kg N2O-N ha(-1) yr(-1)in the control and manure treatments, respectively. Animal manure amendment produced the highest cumulative CO(2)emissions (P < 0.001), N2O emissions (P < 0.001), and maize yields (P = 0.002) but the lowest N2O yield-scaled emission (YSE) (0.5 g N2O-N kg(-1)grain yield). Manure combined with inorganic fertilizer had the highest cumulative CH(4)uptake (P < 0.001) and N2O YSE (2.2 g N2O-N kg(-1)grain yield). Our results indicate that while the use of animal manure may increase total GHG emissions, the concurrent increase in maize yields results in reduced yield-scaled GHG emissions.