Journal
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 2485-2493Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S258639
Keywords
monocyte/macrophage; COVID-19 infection; anti-GM-CSF; coronavirus
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Funding
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project GePEM [Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI16/01478/Cofinanciado FEDER]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project DIAVIR [Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/DTS19/00049/Cofinanciado FEDER]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project ResviOmics [Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI19/01039/Cofinanciado FEDER]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project BI-BACVIR (PRIS-3
- Agencia de Conocimiento en Salud (ACIS)-Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)-Xunta de Galicia
- Spain)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project ReSVinext [Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI16/01569/Cofinanciado FEDER]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III: project Enterogen [Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)/PI19/01090/Cofinanciado FEDER]
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Emerging studies from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients indicate a preponderant role of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of this viral infection, in a similar way to that previously observed in other coronavirus outbreaks (SARS and MERS). The clinical presentation of severe patients resembles viral-associated hemophagocytic syndrome, a rare condition previously seen during lethal influenza pandemics and during previous SARS and MERS coronavirus outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers an over-exuberant inflammatory response due to the development of a cytokine storm and the depletion of the adaptative immune compartment, which may prelude sepsis in many cases. The present review summarizes past evidence on the role of monocytes/macrophages in previous coronavirus outbreaks and the emerging knowledge on their role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Treatment strategies incorporating the blockade of migration and differentiation of monocyte-macrophage, such as granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor inhibitors, might enhance the promising results seen so far with selective cytokine blockade.
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