Journal
CELL SYSTEMS
Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 506-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.05.009
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Funding
- NCATS NIH HHS [TL1 TR003019] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R35 GM133574] Funding Source: Medline
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Directed cell migration is critical across biological processes spanning healing to cancer invasion, yet no existing tools allow real-time interactive guidance over such migration. We present a new bioreactor that harnesses electrotaxis-directed cell migration along electric field gradients-by integrating four independent electrodes under computer control to dynamically program electric field patterns, and hence steer cell migration. Using this platform, we programmed and characterized multiple precise, two-dimensional collective migration maneuvers in renal epithelia and primary skin keratinocyte ensembles. First, we demonstrated on-demand, 90-degree collective turning. Next, we developed a universal electrical stimulation scheme capable of programming arbitrary 2D migration maneuvers such as precise angular turns and migration in a complete circle. Our stimulation scheme proves that cells effectively time-average electric field cues, helping to elucidate the transduction timescales in electrotaxis. Together, this work represents an enabling platform for controlling cell migration with broad utility across many cell types.
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