Journal
ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Volume 7, Issue 7, Pages 2880-2899Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00640
Keywords
biomaterials; organ-on-a-chip; microphysiological systems; drug testing; microfabrication; PDMS-free; hydrogels; elastomers; glass; silicon; thermoplastic polymers; polydimethylsiloxane
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Foundation [FDN-167274]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN 326982-10]
- NSERC-CIHR Collaborative Health Research Grant [CHRP 493737-16]
- National Institutes of Health [2R01 HL076485]
- Canada Research Chairs
- NSERC Postdoctoral Fellowship
- NSERC CREATE TOeP Fellowship
- CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship
- University of Toronto Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (IBBME) Wildcat Graduate Scholarship
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PDMS is commonly used in organ-on-a-chip devices and microphysiological systems due to its ease-of-use, elasticity, and optical transparency, but its limitations in the absorption of small molecules and high-throughput manufacturing have led researchers to explore alternative materials such as elastomers, hydrogels, and thermoplastic polymers. The development of organ-on-a-chip devices based on these alternative materials is trending, with researchers focusing on overcoming obstacles to create versatile devices for personalized medicine and drug discovery.
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the predominant material used for organon-a-chip devices and microphysiological systems (MPSs) due to its ease-of-use, elasticity, optical transparency, and inexpensive microfabrication. However, the absorption of small hydrophobic molecules by PDMS and the limited capacity for high-throughput manufacturing of PDMS-laden devices severely limit the application of these systems in personalized medicine, drug discovery, in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, and the investigation of cellular responses to drugs. Consequently, the relatively young field of organ-on-a-chip devices and MPSs is gradually beginning to make the transition to alternative, nonabsorptive materials for these crucial applications. This review examines some of the first steps that have been made in the development of organon-a-chip devices and MPSs composed of such alternative materials, including elastomers, hydrogels, thermoplastic polymers, and inorganic materials. It also provides an outlook on where PDMS-alternative devices are trending and the obstacles that must be overcome in the development of versatile devices based on alternative materials to PDMS.
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