Journal
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 2020, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
HINDAWI LTD
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1826587
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81673767, 81673938, 81673935, 81774240, 81874436, 81973773]
- Training Plan for Excellent Academic Leaders of Shanghai Health System [2017BR007]
- Municipal Hospital Emerging Cutting Edge Technology Joint Research Project [SHDC12016121]
- Science Research Project of Thirteen Five-Year Plan [2018ZX10725-504]
- Shuguang Program - Shanghai Education Development Foundation
- Shanghai Municipal Education Commission [18SG39]
- Shanghai Sailing Program [20YF1450200]
- Training Plan of Outstanding Young Medical Talents, Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau [2018YQ43]
- Three-Year Action Plan of Development of TCM in Shanghai [ZY(2018-2020)-FWTX-4001, ZY(2018-2020)-FWTW-4004]
- Pilot Project of Clinical Cooperation between Chinese and Western Medicine for Major and Difficult Diseases (Hepatic Fibrosis)
- Si Ming Foundation of Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine [SGKJ-201912]
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Helping B cells and antibody responses is a major function of CD4(+)T helper cells. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are identified as a subset of CD4(+)T helper cells, which is specialized in helping B cells in the germinal center reaction. Tfh cells express high levels of CXCR5, PD-1, IL-21, and other characteristic markers. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the dysregulation of Tfh cells is involved in infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, including lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), Sjogren syndrome (SS), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Activation of subset-specific transcription factors is the essential step for Tfh cell differentiation. The differentiation of Tfh cells is regulated by a complicated network of transcription factors, including positive factors (Bcl6, ATF-3, Batf, IRF4, c-Maf, and so on) and negative factors (Blimp-1, STAT5, IRF8, Bach2, and so on). The current knowledge underlying the molecular mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation at the transcriptional level is summarized in this paper, which will provide many perspectives to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of the relevant immune diseases.
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