Journal
GENES
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes11080907
Keywords
tRNA modification; 2-thiouridine; 4-thiouridine; queuosine; 2-methylthio-N-6-(cis-hydroxyisopentenyl) adenosine; uridine 5-oxyacetic acid; 2-thioribothymidine; epitranscriptome
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Funding
- National Science Foundation [1716535]
- T32 NIH predoctoral fellowship [GM 95440-9]
- Wake Forest University ZSR library
- ORSP
- Dept. of Chemistry
- Direct For Biological Sciences
- Div Of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience [1716535] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are essential adaptors that mediate translation of the genetic code. These molecules undergo a variety of post-transcriptional modifications, which expand their chemical reactivity while influencing their structure, stability, and functionality. Chemical modifications to tRNA ensure translational competency and promote cellular viability. Hence, the placement and prevalence of tRNA modifications affects the efficiency of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (aaRS) reactions, interactions with the ribosome, and transient pairing with messenger RNA (mRNA). The synthesis and abundance of tRNA modifications respond directly and indirectly to a range of environmental and nutritional factors involved in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. The dynamic landscape of the tRNA epitranscriptome suggests a role for tRNA modifications as markers of cellular status and regulators of translational capacity. This review discusses the non-canonical roles that tRNA modifications play in central metabolic processes and how their levels are modulated in response to a range of cellular demands.
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