4.6 Article

Deficiency of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Affects Macrophage Polarization in Osseointegration

Journal

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00733

Keywords

bone remodeling; regeneration; cell biology; dental implant(s); immunity; histochemistry; cytokine(s)

Categories

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [81701007, 81571008]
  2. Sichuan Science and Technology Program [2018RZ0087]
  3. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2018SCUH0006]
  4. Research Funding for Talents Developing, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University [RCDWJS2020-6]
  5. Basic and Applied Basic Research Projects of West China Hospital of Stomatology of Sichuan University [RD-02-201902]

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Macrophages have been described as a critical cell population regulating bone regeneration and osseointegration, and their polarization phenotype is of particular importance. Several studies have shown that calcitonin gene-related peptide-alpha (CGRP) might modulate macrophage polarization in inflammatory response and bone metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CGRP on macrophage polarization in titanium osseointegration.In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 or CGRP(-)(/)(-)mice were obtained and activated for M1 and M2 polarization. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the M1/M2 polarization and inflammatory function.In vivo, mice were divided into 3 groups: wild-type, CGRP(-)(/)(-), and CGRP(-)(/)(-)mice with CGRP lentivirus. After extraction of the maxillary first molar, 0.6 mmx1.25 mm titanium implants were emplaced. Bone formation and inflammation levels around implants were then observed and analyzed. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that CGRP deficiency promoted M1 polarization and inhibited M2 polarization in BMDMs, which was consistent with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in real-time PCR.In vivo, compared with the CGRP(-)(/)(-)group, the CGRP gene transfection group displayed better osseointegration and lower inflammation levels, close to those of the wild-type group. These results revealed that CGRP might play roles in macrophage polarization. In addition, CGRP deficiency could inhibit osseointegration in murine maxillae, while CGRP recovery by lentivirus transfection could improve osseointegration and regulate macrophage phenotype expression.

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