Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 12, Issue 14, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su12145804
Keywords
lipases; phenolic compounds esters; waste fish oil; whole-cell catalysis; Yarrowia lipolytica
Funding
- Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences [505-10-092700-Q00345-99]
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The purpose of the study was to utilize the waste fish oil after fish smoking process inY. lipolyticayeast batch cultures in order to assess its valorization to whole-cell biocatalysts with lipolytic properties. Almost 90% of the waste carbon source in medium was used and batch cultures ofY. lipolyticaW29 were characterized with biomass yield of 18.59 g/dm(3)and lipolytic activity of 53.41 U/g. The yeast biomass was used as a whole-cell biocatalyst in the synthesis of esters of selected phenolic compounds (acetates of 2-phenylethanol, tyrosol (2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanol) and 3-phenyl-1-propanol, and ethyl esters of phenylacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-phenylpropanoic, and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acids).Y. lipolyticabiomass was able to catalyze esterification of 3-phenylpropanoic acid (conversion of 95% after 24 h), but conversion of other acids to their esters was very weak, and in the case of transesterification of aromatic alcohols with vinyl acetate, conversions were 27%-63% after 24 h. Synthesized esters were tested prior potential activities as food additives. Esters of hydroxylated phenolic compounds showed activity of 2.5 mg/mL againstKlebsiella pneumoniaeandCitrobacter freundii, exhibited similar antioxidant properties to their precursors, and were better soluble in lipids, which increases the possibility of their use in the food industry.
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