Journal
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01210
Keywords
arabinoxylan; cell wall; damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP); plant immunity; pattern triggered immunity
Categories
Funding
- Comunidad de Madrid Regional Government [IND2017/BIO-7800]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [BIO2015-64077-R]
- Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [RTI2018-096975-B-I00]
- Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of Spain [SEV-20160672]
- Max Planck Society
- German Research Foundation (DFG, Emmy Noether program) [PF850/1-1]
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Immune responses in plants can be triggered by damage/microbe-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/MAMPs) upon recognition by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). DAMPs are signaling molecules synthesized by plants or released from host cellular structures (e.g., plant cell walls) upon pathogen infection or wounding. Despite the hypothesized important role of plant cell wall-derived DAMPs in plant-pathogen interactions, a very limited number of these DAMPs are well characterized. Recent work demonstrated that pectin-enriched cell wall fractions extracted from the cell wall mutant impaired inArabidopsisResponseRegulator 6(arr6), that showed altered disease resistance to several pathogens, triggered more intense immune responses than those activated by similar cell wall fractions from wild-type plants. It was hypothesized thatarr6cell wall fractions could be differentially enriched in DAMPs. In this work, we describe the characterization of the previous immune-active fractions ofarr6showing the highest triggering capacities upon further fractionation by chromatographic means. These analyses pointed to a role of pentose-based oligosaccharides triggering plant immune responses. The characterization of several pentose-based oligosaccharide structures revealed that beta-1,4-xylooligosaccharides of specific degrees of polymerization and carrying arabinose decorations are sensed as DAMPs by plants. Moreover, the pentasaccharide 3(3)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX) was found as a highly active DAMP structure triggering strong immune responses inArabidopsis thalianaand enhancing crop disease resistance.
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