Deregulated High Affinity Copper Transport Alters Iron Homeostasis inArabidopsis

The present work describes the effects on iron homeostasis when copper transport was deregulated inArabidopsis thalianaby overexpressing high affinity copper transporters COPT1 and COPT3 (COPTOE). A genome-wide analysis conducted onCOPT1(OE)plants, highlighted that iron homeostasis gene expression was affected under both copper deficiency and excess. Among the altered genes were those encoding the iron uptake machinery and their transcriptional regulators. Subsequently,COPT(OE)seedlings contained less iron and were more sensitive than controls to iron deficiency. The deregulation of copper (I) uptake hindered the transcriptional activation of the subgroup Ib of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH-Ib) factors under copper deficiency. Oppositely, copper excess inhibited the expression of the master regulatorFITbut activatedbHLH-Ibexpression inCOPT(OE)plants, in both cases leading to the lack of an adequate iron uptake response. As copper increased in the media, iron (III) was accumulated in roots, and the ratio iron (III)/iron (II) was increased inCOPT(OE)plants. Thus, iron (III) overloading inCOPT(OE)roots inhibited local iron deficiency responses, aimed to metal uptake from soil, leading to a general lower iron content in theCOPT(OE)seedlings. These results emphasized the importance of appropriate spatiotemporal copper uptake for iron homeostasis under non-optimal copper supply. The understanding of the role of copper uptake in iron metabolism could be applied for increasing crops resistance to iron deficiency.