Complete Genome Sequencing and Transcriptome Analysis of Nitrogen Metabolism ofSuccinivibrio dextrinosolvensStrain Z6 Isolated From Dairy Cow Rumen

The unclassifiedSuccinivibrionaceaelineages are abundant in high yielding multiparous cows, and their presence is positively correlated with milk yield and fat percentage and reduces methane emissions. However, it is still unclear which species are associated with the most efficient feed nutrient utilization and productivity. Here, we used integrated whole genome sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, to characterizeS. dextrinosolvensZ6, a species inSuccinivibrionaceaeisolated from the rumen. To assess the role ofS. dextrinosolvensZ6 in nitrogen metabolism, cells grown in different nitrogen sources were analyzed by RNA sequencing. The whole genome sequence result revealed a genome size of 3.47 Mbp with 38.9% of G + C content. A total of 2993 encoding sequences account for 98%. The genes for regulating carbohydrate (10.6%) and amino acid (9%) transport and metabolism were the most abundant. ANI (Average nucleotide identity) showed that SD-Z6 was most closely related to SD-22B (99.96%). The whole genome alignment of SD-Z6 with SD-22B showed a more than 0.34 Mb nucleotide difference. Growth of SD-Z6 occurred at a temperature 36-42 degrees C with an optimum at 39.7 degrees C, pH 6-8; the optimum pH was 6.9 and with 0-1% (w/v) NaCl. The maximum growth (OD(600)0.825 +/- 0.12) and microbial crude protein (MCP) (178.2 mu g/ml) were observed in cells grown in amino acid. The maximum concentration of ammonia (3.96 +/- 1.2) was observed in urea containing media and 1.06 mM (26.7% of the produced) remained after 24 h incubation. Activities of urease and glutamine synthase (P< 0.01) and glutamate dehydrogenase (P< 0.05) were significantly different in nitrogen and growth phase. Glutamate synthetase (P< 0.01) was significantly different only at different growth phases. In total, 1246 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in all nitrogen. Among DEGs, 33 were related to nitrogen metabolism. Their expression correlated with nitrogen sources and the intensity of enzyme activity. This result enhances our understanding of the roles ofSuccinivibrionaceaein the efficient nitrogen utilization and on environmental protection.