Journal
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00896-4
Keywords
Diabetes mellitus; DNA methylation; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Hypermethylation; Hypomethylation
Categories
Funding
- United Arab Emirates University, UPAR grant [3IM307]
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences [31R089, 3IM336, 31R228]
- Abu Dhabi Award for Research Excellence (AARE) [21M123, 21M128]
- Emirates Health Services
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition characterised by beta cell dysfunction and persistent hyperglycaemia. The disorder can be due to the absence of adequate pancreatic insulin production or a weak cellular response to insulin signalling. Among the three types of DM, namely, type 1 DM (T1DM), type 2 DM (T2DM), and gestational DM (GDM); T2DM accounts for almost 90% of diabetes cases worldwide. Epigenetic traits are stably heritable phenotypes that result from certain changes that affect gene function without altering the gene sequence. While epigenetic traits are considered reversible modifications, they can be inherited mitotically and meiotically. In addition, epigenetic traits can randomly arise in response to environmental factors or certain genetic mutations or lesions, such as those affecting the enzymes that catalyse the epigenetic modification. In this review, we focus on the role of DNA methylation, a type of epigenetic modification, in the pathogenesis of T2DM.
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