Speed-Ups to Isothermality: Enhanced Quantum Thermal Machines through Control of the System-Bath Coupling

Isothermal transformations are minimally dissipative but slow processes, as the system needs to remain close to thermal equilibrium along the protocol. Here, we show that smoothly modifying the system-bath interaction can significantly speed up such transformations. In particular, we construct protocols where the overall dissipation W-diss decays with the total time tau(tot) of the protocol as W-diss proportional to tau(-2 alpha-1)(tot), where each value alpha > 0 can be obtained by a suitable modification of the interaction, whereas alpha = 0 corresponds to a standard isothermal process where the system-bath interaction remains constant. Considering heat engines based on such speed-ups, we show that the corresponding efficiency at maximum power interpolates between the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for alpha = 0 and the Carnot efficiency for alpha -> infinity. Analogous enhancements are obtained for the coefficient of performance of refrigerators. We confirm our analytical results with two numerical examples where alpha = 1/2, namely the time-dependent Caldeira-Leggett and resonant-level models, with strong system-environment correlations taken fully into account. We highlight the possibility of implementing our proposed speed-ups with ultracold atomic impurities and mesoscopic electronic devices.