Journal
JOURNAL ON MULTIMODAL USER INTERFACES
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 109-119Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s12193-020-00341-z
Keywords
Virtual humans; Eye tracking; Human computer interaction; Rendering style; Virtual Agents; Virtual training simulator
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The study found that users paid more visual attention to virtual humans with rendering styles of pencil shaded, cartoon shaded, and human-like appearance, while they spent more total time in the scenarios of all pencil shaded and all cartoon shaded.
In this contribution we studied how different rendering styles of a virtual human impacted users' visual attention in an interactive medical training simulator. In a mixed design experiment, 78 participants interacted with a virtual human representing a sample from the non-photorealistic (NPR) to the photorealistic (PR) rendering continuity. We presented five rendering style samples scenarios, namely All Pencil Shaded (APS), Pencil Shaded (PS), All Cartoon Shaded (ACT), Cartoon Shaded (CT), and Human-Like (HL), and compared how visual attention differed between groups of users. For this study, we employed an eye tracking system for collecting and analyzing users' gaze during interaction with the virtual human in a failure to rescue medical training simulation. Results shows that users spent more total time in the APS and ACT conditions but users visually attended more to virtual humans in the PS, CT and HL appearance conditions.
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