Journal
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
Volume 17, Issue 2, Pages 546-553Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1782692
Keywords
Checkpoint inhibitor; glioblastoma; PD-1; PD-L1; immunotherapy
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Funding
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation [19JCZDJC64200(Z), 7202150]
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences [2016-I2M-2-001]
- Tsinghua University Peking Union Medical College Hospital Initiative Scientific Research Program [2019ZLH101]
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized tumor immunotherapy, but face challenges in the treatment of glioblastoma due to its unique immunosuppressive characteristics. Recent clinical studies are focusing on combination therapies involving standard treatments, targeted therapies, and other immunotherapies to improve outcomes for patients with GBM.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) have changed the landscape of tumor immunotherapy. Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults and has a very poor prognosis. Due to the high invasiveness and aggressiveness of GBM, there is considerable interest in programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) treatment. However, the immunosuppressive and immune-privileged characteristics of GBM limit the efficacy of CIs. While clinical studies of CI monotherapies have shown unsatisfactory survival benefits, new treatment strategies have received attention. Multiple clinical studies have focused on combination of standard therapy (temozolomide, radiotherapy), targeted therapy and other immunotherapies, and some have reported results. Here, we reviewed recent clinical trials of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, studies with neoadjuvant strategies, and preclinical and clinical studies of combination immunotherapies for GBM. The preliminary clinical reports in certain subsets of patients with hypermutated or mismatch repair system deficiency GBM are also discussed.
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