TBC1D5-Catalyzed Cycling of Rab7 Is Required for Retromer-Mediated Human Papillomavirus Trafficking during Virus Entry

During virus entry, human papillomaviruses are sorted by the cellular trafficking complex, called retromer, into the retrograde transport pathway to traffic from the endosome to downstream cellular compartments, but regulation of retromer activity during HPV entry is poorly understood. Here we selected artificial proteins that modulate cellular proteins required for HPV infection and discovered that entry requires TBC1 D5, a retromer-associated, Rab7-specific GTPase-activating protein. Binding of retromer to the HPV L2 capsid protein recruits TBC1 D5 to retromer at the endosome membrane, which then stimulates hydrolysis of Rab7-GTP to drive retromer disassembly from HPV and delivery of HPV to the retrograde pathway. Although the cellular retromer cargos CIMPR and DMT1-II require only GTP-bound Rab7 for trafficking, HPV trafficking requires cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound Rab7. Thus, ongoing cargo-induced membrane recruitment, assembly, and disassembly of retromer complexes drive HPV trafficking.