Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma13122756
Keywords
graphitic carbon nitride; hydrogen generation; photocatalysis; melon; synthesis conditions
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Funding
- European Union through the EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUND under the OPERATIONAL PROGRAM KNOWLEDGE EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT [POWR.03.02.00-00-I023/17]
- ERDF Institute of Environmental Technology-Excellent Research [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853]
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2018098]
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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was obtained by thermal polymerization of dicyandiamide, thiourea or melamine at high temperatures (550 and 600 degrees C), using different heating rates (2 or 10 degrees C min(-1)) and synthesis times (0 or 4 h). The effects of the synthesis conditions and type of the precursor on the efficiency of g-C(3)N(4)were studied. The most efficient was the synthesis from dicyandiamide, 53%, while the efficiency in the process of synthesis from melamine and thiourea were much smaller, 26% and 11%, respectively. On the basis of the results provided by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis (EA), the best precursor and the optimum conditions of synthesis of g-C(3)N(4)were identified to get the product of the most stable structure, the highest degree of ordering and condensation of structure and finally the highest photocatalytic activity. It was found that as the proton concentration decreased and the degree of condensation increased, the hydrogen yields during the photocatalytic decomposition of water-methanol solution were significantly enhanced. The generation of hydrogen was 1200 mu mol g(-1)and the selectivity towards hydrogen of more than 98%.
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