In-vitro Evaluation of Anti-Bacterial, Anti-biofilm and Cytotoxic Activity of Naturally Inspired Juglans regia, Tamarix aphylla L., and Acacia modesta with Medicinal Potentialities

The usefulness of medicinal plants has evoked increasing research interests to combat antimicrobial resistance. The current work reports on the in vitro bioactive activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-biofilm and cytotoxicity evaluation of three medicinal plants. Extracts from different plant parts (leaves, stems, and root barks) were obtained using different solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, and water. The methanolic extracts of bark of Juglans regia and Tamarix aphylla L., whereas the stem of Acacia modesta (Wall.) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity. The maximum zone of inhibition, i.e., 21.8 +/- 0.76 mm was observed against H. influenza for a methanolic extract of J. regia. Similarly, the maximum inhibition zones of ethanolic extract of T. aphylla L. against A. baumannii and methanolic extract of A. modesta against S. aureus were recorded. Notably, a higher anti-biofilm potential of the methanolic extract of J. regia was recorded against six pathogenic strains. Finally, the cytotoxicity of plants extracts was evaluated by testing the hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes, that displayed the negligible percent lysis of RBC5. In conclusion, the results of this study provided information related to the possible use of some medicinal plants in the treatment of microbial related ailments.