Principles of Epigenetic Homeostasis Shared Between Flowering plants and Mammals

In diverse eukaryotes, epigenetic information such as DNA methylation is stably propagated over many cell divisions and generations, and can remain the same over thousands or millions of years. However, this stability is the product of dynamic processes that add and remove DNA methylation by specialized enzymatic pathways. The activities of these dynamic pathways must therefore be finely orchestrated in order to ensure that the DNA methylation landscape is maintained with high fidelity - a concept we term epigenetic homeostasis. In this review, we summarize recent insights into epigenetic homeostasis mechanisms in flowering plants and mammals, highlighting analogous mechanisms that have independently evolved to achieve the same goal of stabilizing the epigenetic landscape.