4.5 Article

Low doses of individual and combined deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in naturally moldy diets impair intestinal functions via inducing inflammation and disrupting epithelial barrier in the intestine of piglets

Journal

TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 333, Issue -, Pages 159-169

Publisher

ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.032

Keywords

Deoxynivalenol; Zearalenone; Low-dose synergy; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Tight junction proteins

Categories

Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [31902198]
  2. Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi [201901D211183]
  3. Scientific and Technologial Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi [2019L0050]

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The intestinal epithelium is the first barrier against food contaminants and is highly sensitive to Fusarium toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA). Here, we explored the effects of low doses of DON and/ or ZEA in naturally moldy diets on intestinal functions in piglets, including inflammatory responses, epithelial barrier, and microbial composition. Piglets were treated with a control diet (CON), DON diet (1000.6 mu g/kg), ZEA diet (269.1 mu g/kg), and DON + ZEA diet (1007.5 + 265.4 mu g/kg), respectively, for 3 weeks and then switched to the same CON diet for another 2 weeks. In the first period, even the selected low doses of DON or ZEA in the diet resulted in intestinal inflammation, diminish protein expression (claudin-4) and altered gut microbiota populations. Whereas upon switching to the CON diet for another 2 weeks, the deleterious effect of ZEA and DON on IL-1 beta and Bifidobacterium population could not be recovered. Additionally, combined DON and ZEA negatively affected body weight gain and feed consumption of piglets, as well as shown synergistic effects on evoking pro-inflammatory cytokines contents (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) and perturbing the cecum microbiota profile (E. coli, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium). Collectively, chronic consumption of DON and ZEA contaminated feed or food, even at low doses, can induce intestinal damage and may have consequences for animal and human health.

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