Best reoperative strategy for failed fundoplication: redo fundoplication or conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric diversion?

Background Failed fundoplication is a difficult reoperative challenge, with limited evidence differentiating outcomes of a redo fundoplication versus conversion to Roux-en-Y anatomy with a gastric diversion (RYGD). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of these reoperative strategies on symptom resolution. Methods A retrospective single institution study of patients with failed fundoplications undergoing conversion to RYGD or redo fundoplication between 2006 and 2019 was conducted. Patient characteristics, preoperative evaluation, operative findings, and postoperative outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results 180 patients with symptomatic, failed fundoplications were identified: 101 patients (56.1%) underwent conversion to RYGD, and 79 patients (43.9%) underwent redo fundoplication. Body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher for the patients undergoing RYGD with mean BMI of 34.3 +/- 6.9 vs 27.7 +/- 3.9 kg/m(2)(p < 0.001). Patients undergoing conversion to RYGD were also more comorbid than their counterparts, with higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea (17.8% vs 5.1%,p = 0.01), but similar rates of hypertension (54.5% vs 44.3%,p = 0.18, asthma/COPD (25.7% vs 16.5%,p = 0.13), diabetes (10.9% vs 10.1%,p = 0.87), and hyperlipidemia (29.7% vs 36.7%,p = 0.32). Mean operative times were significantly higher for the RYGD (359.6 +/- 90.4 vs 238.8 +/- 75.6 min,p < 0.0001), as was mean estimated blood loss (168.8 +/- 207.5 vs 81.0 +/- 145.4,p < 0.0001). Conversion rates from minimally invasive to open were similar (10.9% vs 11.4%,p = 0.92). The incidence of recurrent reflux symptoms was not significantly different (p = 0.46) between RYGD (16.8%) and redo fundoplication (12.8%), at an average follow-up of 50.6 +/- 140.7 vs 34.7 +/- 39.2 months, (p = 0.03). For the RYGD cohort, patients also had resolution of other comorbidities including obesity 35.6%, OSA 16.7%, hyperlipidemia 10.0%, hypertension 9.1%, and diabetes 9.1%. On average, patients decreased their BMI by 6.8 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2)and lost 69.6% of their excess body weight. Mean length of stay was higher in patients undergoing RYGD (5.3 +/- 7.3 vs 3.0 +/- 1.9 days,p = 0.01). Thirty-day readmission rates were similar (9.9% vs 3.8%,p = 0.12). The reoperation rate was higher in the RYGD cohort (17.8% vs 2.5%,p = 0.001). Conclusions RYBG and redo fundoplication are equivalent in terms of resolution of reflux. RYGD resulted in significant loss of excess body weight.

Automated summary

The study found that redo fundoplication and conversion to Roux-en-Y anatomy with a gastric diversion are equally effective in resolving reflux symptoms in patients with failed fundoplications. Despite higher BMI, longer operative times, and greater blood loss in RYGD patients, they showed better resolution of other comorbidities and greater reduction in excess body weight.