The influence of dysbiosis on kidney stones that risk up renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

Kidney stone is a common urological condition, the prevalence and incidence of which has escalated in the last few years due to dietary habits and other related medical conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. It is a chronic disease which leads to loss of kidney function(s) and nephrectomy. Chronic kidney stone disease has been shown to be associated with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) or renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and kidney tumors have been found to be more frequent among patients with kidney stones. Although hyperoxaluria is mainly responsible for kidney stone formation, dysbiosis of the gut and urinary tract microbiome may in part contribute to kidney stone disease. Dysbiosis of the gut and urinary tract microbiome have been linked to kidney stone diseases with both gain and loss of function. The review provides a detailed study of how the variations in the microbiome of the human gut and urinary tract result in the chronic kidney stone diseases which are associated with increased papillary RCC risks.

Automated summary

Kidney stone is a common urological condition with increasing prevalence, associated with dietary habits, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Patients with kidney stones are more prone to kidney tumors, and dysbiosis of the gut and urinary tract microbiome may contribute to the development of kidney stone disease. The variation in microbiome in human gut and urinary tract is linked to chronic kidney stone diseases and increased risks of papillary RCC.