Zebrafish: An emerging model to study microplastic and nanoplastic toxicity

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have received global concern due to its widespread contamination, ingestion in aquatic organisms and the ability to cross the biological barrier. However, our understanding of its bioaccumulation, toxicity, and interaction with other environmental pollutants is limited. Zebrafish is increasingly used to study the bioaccumulation and toxicity of environmental contaminants because of their small size, ease of breed, short life cycle and inexpensive maintenance. The transparent nature of zebrafish embryo and larvae provides excellent experimental advantages over other model organisms in studying the localization of fluorescent-labeled MPs/NPs particles. Zebrafish outplays the traditional rodent models with the availability of transgenic lines, high-throughput sequencing and genetic similarities to humans. All these characteristics provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs and associated contaminants. This review summarizes the existing literature on MPs/NPs research in zebrafish and suggests a path forward for future research.