Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 153, Issue -, Pages 1-11Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.01.158
Keywords
Alkaline earth metal oxide; Biodiesel production; Base-catalyzed; Transesterification reaction; Refined used cooking oil
Funding
- Ministry of Education (MOE), Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia [5F076, 04E70]
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The world is challenged with depletion of non-renewable fossil fuel and environmental pollution. Thus, this research was emphasized on converting refined used cooking oil to safer and low toxicity biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification reaction. Alumina supported magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium oxide-based catalysts with iron as its dopant were optimized according to various calcination temperatures and iron loadings. The optimum conditions over potential catalyst was achieved with 20 wt% of Fe loading for Fe/Ba/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 800 degrees C which gave the maximum biodiesel production of 84.02%. Characterization of catalyst carried out by XRD showed that the 20Fe:80Ba/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 800 degrees C had a polycrystalline structure with high BET surface area (133.59 m(2)/g) while FESEM analysis displayed a morphology of uniform plate-like shape grains with fine particles in the range of 55-60 nm. CO2-TPD results showed that the catalyst exhibited highest basicity of 2.5854 mmol/g, while TGA analysis proved that 800 degrees C was the optimum calcination temperature. The transesterification process of refined used cooking oil to produce high yield biodiesel was effectively attained using 20Fe:80Ba/Al2O3 catalyst. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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