Recent progress in Li-ion batteries with TiO2nanotube anodes grown by electrochemical anodization

Self-organized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, which are prepared by electrochemical anodizing, have been widely researched as promising anodes for Li-ion batteries. Both nanotubular morphology and bulk structure of TiO(2)nanotubes can be easily changed by adjusting the anodizing and annealing parameters. This is provided to investigate different phenomena by selectively adjusting a specific parameter of the Li(+)insertion mechanism. In this paper, we reviewed how the morphology and crystallography of TiO(2)nanotubes influence the electrochemical performance of Li(+)batteries. In particular, electrochemical performances of amorphous and anatase titanium dioxide nanotube anodes were compared in detail. As we all know, TiO(2)nanotube anodes have the advantages of nontoxicity, good stability, high safety and large specific surface area, in lithium-ion batteries. However, they suffer from poor electronic conductivity, inferior ion diffusivity and low theoretical capacity (335 mAh center dot g(-1)), which limit their practical application. Generally, there are two ways to overcome the shortcomings of titanium dioxide nanotube anodes, including doping and synthesis composites. The achievements and existing problems associated with doped TiO(2)nanotube anodes and composite material anodes are summarized in the present review. Based on the analysis of lithium insertion mechanism of titanium dioxide nanotube electrodes, the prospects and possible research directions of TiO(2)anodes in lithium-ion batteries are discussed.

Automated summary

The study explores how adjusting parameters to change the morphology and crystallography of TiO2 nanotubes influences the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries. It compares the performance of different types of TiO2 nanotube anodes and summarizes the methods of overcoming their shortcomings through doping and synthesis composites.