Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 30, Pages 18037-18048Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921878117
Keywords
axon guidance; growth cone-growth cone interaction; Wnt/planar cell polarity; LRRK2; Frizzled3-Vangl2 interaction
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Funding
- NIH [R37 NS047484]
- UCSD School of Medicine Light Microscopy Facility [P30 NS047101]
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Axon-axon interactions are essential for axon guidance during nervous system wiring. However, it is unknown whether and how the growth cones communicate with each other while sens-ing and responding to guidance cues. We found that the Parkin-son's disease gene, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), has an unexpected role in growth cone-growth cone communication. The LRRK2 protein acts as a scaffold and induces Frizzled3 hyper-phosphorylation indirectly by recruiting other kinases and also di-rectly phosphorylates Frizzled3 on threonine 598 (T598). In LRRK1 or LRRK2 single knockout, LRRK1/2 double knockout, and LRRK2 G2019S knockin, the postcrossing spinal cord commissural axons are disorganized and showed anterior-posterior guidance errors after midline crossing. Growth cones from either LRRK2 knockout or G2019S knockin mice showed altered interactions, suggesting impaired communication. Intercellular interaction between Friz-zled3 and Vangl2 is essential for planar cell polarity signaling. We show here that this interaction is regulated by phosphoryla-tion of Frizzled3 at T598 and can be regulated by LRRK2 in a kinase activity-dependent way. In the LRRK1/2 double knockout or LRRK2 G2019S knockin, the dopaminergic axon bundle in the midbrain was significantly widened and appeared disorganized, showing aberrant posterior-directed growth. Our findings demonstrate that LRRK2 regulates growth cone-growth cone communication in axon guidance and that both loss-of-function mutation and a gain-of-function mutation (G2019S) cause axon guidance defects in development.
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