Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 28, Pages 16154-16159Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002446117
Keywords
mitotic spindle; Xenopus laevis; dynein; liquid crystals; active matter
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Funding
- European Molecular Biology Organization [483-2016]
- Human Frontier Science Program (Career Development Award) [000 74/2014]
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The metaphase spindle is a dynamic structure orchestrating chro-mosome segregation during cell division. Recently, soft matter approaches have shown that the spindle behaves as an active liq-uid crystal. Still, it remains unclear how active force generation contributes to its characteristic spindle-like shape. Here we com-bine theory and experiments to show that molecular motor-driven forces shape the structure through a barreling-type instability. We test our physical model by titrating dynein activity in Xenopus egg extract spindles and quantifying the shape and microtubule ori-entation. We conclude that spindles are shaped by the interplay between surface tension, nematic elasticity, and motor-driven active forces. Our study reveals how motor proteins can mold liquid crystalline droplets and has implications for the design of active soft materials.
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