Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 117, Issue 26, Pages 14645-14656Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921533117
Keywords
waves; complex media; transmission matrix imaging; sample-induced aberrations; acoustic speckle
Categories
Funding
- Labex WIFI (Laboratory of Excellence within the French Program Investments for the Future, Waves and Imaging: From Fundamentals to Innovation) [ANR-10-LABX-24, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*]
- SuperSonic Imagine company
- European Union [744840]
- European Research Council under the European Union [819261]
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Focusing waves inside inhomogeneous media is a fundamental problem for imaging. Spatial variations of wave velocity can strongly distort propagating wave fronts and degrade image quality. Adaptive focusing can compensate for such aberration but is only effective over a restricted field of view. Here, we introduce a full-field approach to wave imaging based on the concept of the distortion matrix. This operator essentially connects any focal point inside the medium with the distortion that a wave front, emitted from that point, experiences due to heterogeneities. A time-reversal analysis of the distortion matrix enables the estimation of the transmission matrix that links each sensor and image voxel. Phase aberrations can then be unscrambled for any point, providing a full-field image of the medium with diffraction-limited resolution. Importantly, this process is particularly efficient in random scattering media, where traditional approaches such as adaptive focusing fail. Here, we first present an experimental proof of concept on a tissue-mimicking phantom and then, apply the method to in vivo imaging of human soft tissues. While introduced here in the context of acoustics, this approach can also be extended to optical microscopy, radar, or seismic imaging.
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