Biting deterrency of undecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid ester analogs againstAedes aegypti

BACKGROUND Mosquitoes remain one of the most significant threats to the health of humans throughout the world. This study was designed to evaluate the biting deterrent effects of a series of ester analogs of undecanoic acid (C:11:0) and dodecanoic acid (C:12:0) againstAedes aegypti(L), (Diptera: Culicidae), the yellow fever mosquito, using Klun and Debboun (K&D) and Ali and Khan (A&K) bioassay systems. RESULTS In the K&D bioassays, C:11:0 esters methyl undecanoate, propyl undecanoate, butyl undecanoate, and pentyl undecanoate, and the C:12:0 esters methyl dodecanoate, ethyl dodecanoate, propyl dodecanoate, octyl dodecanoate, and dodecyl dodecanoate were most active. All of these esters were as effective asN,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and as effective as the parent acids undecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid with biting deterrence index values ranging from 0.80 to 0.99. In thein vitroA&K bioassay undecanoic acid with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 3.125 mu g cm(-2)was the most active compound and showed higher activity than DEET (MED of 25 mu g cm(-2)). The most active synthetic analog was butyl undecanoate with a MED of 12.5 mu g cm(-2). The next most active analogs are the methyl ester analogs methyl undecanoate and methyl dodecanoate, both with MED values of 25 mu g cm(-2). CONCLUSION Fatty acid synthetic esters and structural analogs are a promising source of new mosquito repelling compounds and should be investigated further.

Automated summary

The study discovered that a series of ester analogs of undecanoic acid and dodecanoic acid showed promising biting deterrent effects against the yellow fever mosquito. These compounds could potentially become new sources of mosquito-repelling compounds and warrant further investigation.