Singleton, Term, Vertex Cesarean Delivery on a Midwife Service Compared With an Obstetrician Service

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the difference in odds of cesarean delivery in term, singleton, vertex pregnancies between the midwife and obstetrician-led services at the same rural tertiary care center. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of term, singleton, and vertex deliveries in patients without a history of cesarean delivery was performed. Patients self-selected a delivery service. The primary outcome was the odds of cesarean delivery between midwife and obstetrician-led services. After propensity score matching, logistic regression was performed on the matched sample to assess the adjusted odds of cesarean delivery. RESULTS: From January 2015 to December 2017, 1,787 (80.2% of total) deliveries were analyzed with management of 956 (53.5%) by the midwife service and 831 (46.5%) by the obstetrician-led service. The rate of cesarean delivery was 20.7% (n=172) in the obstetrician-led service and 13.1% (n=125) in the midwife service. In the matched sample, the odds of cesarean delivery were lower in the midwife service compared with the obstetrician-led service in unadjusted and adjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.81; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.58, 95% CI 0.44-0.80). Older maternal age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00-1.06; aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.10) and higher delivery body mass index (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.04-1.08; aOR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09) were associated with higher odds of cesarean delivery. Increased parity was associated with decreased odds of cesarean delivery (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.31-0.55; aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26-0.48). There were no differences in neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: At a single rural tertiary care center, patients on the midwife service have significantly lower adjusted odds of cesarean delivery than patients on the obstetrician-led service.