Sodium copper chlorophyllin attenuates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease via suppression of TGF-beta and inflammatory cytokines

The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding 0.3% w/w adenine diet for 28 days. After induction, animals were treated with sodium copper chlorophyllin at dose 2.7, 5.4, and 10.8 mg/kg for the next 28 days. The biochemical and urines parameters like creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein creatinine clearance, urea clearance, and glomerular filtration rate were assessed on days 0, 14, and 28. Plasma TGF-beta 1, COX-2, and IL-6 levels were assessed. Various oxidative stress parameters and TGF-beta 1 expression were determined in the kidney. Histopathology of the kidney was studied with different stains. Sodium copper chlorophyllin-treated animals showed a significant reduction in urine output and relative kidney weight. The treatment with sodium copper chlorophyllin significantly improved kidney function by normalizing biochemical and urine parameters. Treatment with SCC significantly reduced circulatory inflammatory mediators-TGF-beta 1, COX-2, and IL-6. Additionally, the treatment also significantly reduced oxidative stress and TGF-beta 1 expression in kidney tissues. Histopathology studies showed inhibition in the kidney damage due to the treatment of SCC. The sodium copper chlorophyllin treatment attenuated adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in rats.