Journal
NATURE
Volume 586, Issue 7830, Pages 572-+Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2599-8
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Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA0201402]
- National Natural Science Foundation Regional Innovation and Development [U19A2003]
- National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for 'Significant New Drugs Development' [2018ZX09733001]
- Ministry of Science and Technology
- National Health Commission
- Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
- National Key Research and Development Project of China [2016YFD0500304]
- West China Hospital Sichuan University [HX-2019-nCoV-004)]
- Macao Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT)
- [2020YFS0010]
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the spread of which has led to a pandemic. An effective preventive vaccine against this virus is urgently needed. As an essential step during infection, SARS-CoV-2 uses the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein to engage with the receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells(1,2). Here we show that a recombinant vaccine that comprises residues 319-545 of the RBD of the spike protein induces a potent functional antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates (Macaca mulatta) as early as 7 or 14 days after the injection of a single vaccine dose. The sera from the immunized animals blocked the binding of the RBD to ACE2, which is expressed on the cell surface, and neutralized infection with a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and live SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Notably, vaccination also provided protection in non-human primates to an in vivo challenge with SARS-CoV-2. We found increased levels of RBD-specific antibodies in the sera of patients with COVID-19. We show that several immune pathways and CD4 T lymphocytes are involved in the induction of the vaccine antibody response. Our findings highlight the importance of the RBD domain in the design of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and provide a rationale for the development of a protective vaccine through the induction of antibodies against the RBD domain. A recombinant vaccine that targets the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces a potent antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates, and protects primates from infection with the virus.
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