Journal
NANO LETTERS
Volume 20, Issue 9, Pages 6473-6480Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02174
Keywords
graphene; four-wave mixing; fiber integrated optics; individual gas molecule detection
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61975025, 61705032, 51972044]
- Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department [2019YFH0154]
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (MOST) [2016YFA0300802, 2018YFE0109200]
- European Union [881603]
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Detection of individual molecules is the ultimate goal of any chemical sensor. In the case of gas detection, such resolution has been achieved in advanced nanoscale electronic solid-state sensors, but it has not been possible so far in integrated photonic devices, where the weak light-molecule interaction is typically hidden by noise. Here, we demonstrate a scheme to generate ultrasensitive down-conversion four-wave-mixing (FWM) in a graphene bipolar-junction-transistor heterogeneous D-shaped fiber. In the communication band, the FWM conversion efficiency can change steeply when the graphene Fermi level approaches 0.4 eV. In this condition, we exploit our unique two-step optoelectronic heterodyne detection scheme, and we achieve real-time individual gas molecule detection in vacuum. Such combination of graphene strong nonlinearities, electrical tunability, and all-fiber integration paves the way toward the design of versatile high-performance graphene photonic devices.
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