Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 25, Issue 13, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132994
Keywords
Tamarix aphyllaL; immunomodulatory; reactive oxygen species (ROS); nitric oxide (NO); tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha); T-cell proliferation
Funding
- Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsradet [2015-05468, 2016-05885]
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Wenner-Grens Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
- Swedish Research Council [2015-05468] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Natural products have served as primary remedies since ancient times due to their cultural acceptance and outstanding biodiversity. To investigate whetherTamarix aphyllaL. modulates an inflammatory process, we carried out bioassay-guided isolation where the extracts and isolated compounds were tested for their modulatory effects on several inflammatory indicators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), proinflammatory cytokine; tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), as well as the proliferation of the lymphocyte T-cells. The aqueous ethanolic extract of the plant inhibited the intracellular ROS production, NO generation, and T-cell proliferation. The aqueous ethanolic crude extract was partitioned by liquid-liquid fractionation usingn-hexane (n-C6H6), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc),n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water (H2O). The DCM andn-BuOH extracts showed the highest activity against most inflammatory indicators and were further purified to obtain compounds1-4. The structures of 3,5-dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone (1) and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester (2) from the DCM extracts; and kaempferol (3), and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-(E)-cinnamic acid (4) from then-BuOH extract were elucidated by different spectroscopic tools, including MS, NMR, UV, and IR. Compound2inhibited the production of ROS and TNF-alpha, whereas compound3showed inhibitory activity against all the tested mediators. A better understanding of the potential aspect ofTamarix aphyllaL. derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents could open the door for the development of advanced anti-inflammatory entities.
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