Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 25, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122789
Keywords
inositol phosphate; inositol pyrophosphate; inositol; inositol phosphate signaling; PPIP5K; ITPK
Funding
- NSF [MCB 1616038]
- USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch project [VA-136334]
- Institute for Critical and Applied Technology at Virginia Tech
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The ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis in changing conditions is crucial for growth and survival. Eukaryotes have developed complex signaling pathways to adapt to a readily changing environment, including the inositol phosphate (InsP) signaling pathway. In plants and humans the pyrophosphorylated inositol molecules, inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), have been implicated in phosphate and energy sensing. PP-InsPs are synthesized from the phosphorylation of InsP(6), the most abundant InsP. The plant PP-InsP synthesis pathway is similar but distinct from that of the human, which may reflect differences in how molecules such as Ins(1,4,5)P(3)and InsP(6)function in plants vs. animals. In addition, PP-InsPs can potentially interact with several major signaling proteins in plants, suggesting PP-InsPs play unique signaling roles via binding to protein partners. In this review, we will compare the biosynthesis and role of PP-InsPs in animals and plants, focusing on three central themes: InsP(6)synthesis pathways, synthesis and regulation of the PP-InsPs, and function of a specific protein domain called the Syg1, Pho1, Xpr1 (SPX ) domain in binding PP-InsPs and regulating inorganic phosphate (Pi) sensing. This review will provide novel insights into the biosynthetic pathway and bioactivity of these key signaling molecules in plant and human systems.
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