Journal
MINI-REVIEWS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 10-22Publisher
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807132617
Keywords
Vitamin E; tocopherols; tocotrienols; metabolism; transport; antioxidants; trolox; synthetic analogues
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This review outlines the differences in metabolism and excretion of multiple forms of Vitamin E and discusses the antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties of Vitamin E. Additionally, it explores how synthetic tocopherol and trolox derivatives, designed as multitarget directed compounds, can produce improved antioxidants for combating cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Vitamin E, essential for human health, is widely used worldwide for therapeutic or dietary reasons. The differences in the metabolism and excretion of the multiple vitamin E forms are presented in this review. The important steps that influence the kinetics of each form and the distribution and processing of vitamin E forms by the liver are considered. The antioxidant as well as non-antioxidant properties of vitamin E forms are discussed. Finally, synthetic tocopherol and trolox derivatives, based on the design of multitarget directed compounds, are reviewed. It is demonstrated that selected derivatization of vitamin E or trolox structures can produce improved antioxidants, agents against cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders.
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