Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of adenosine, adenine and uric acid in whole blood and urine

Herein we report for the first time, a simultaneous voltammetric sensor for adenosine, adenine and uric acid using a pencil graphite (PG) substrate electropolymerised with 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in phosphate buffer with pH 7. The developed sensor was characterized morphologically, structurally and electrochemically. Under the optimum conditions, a linear concentration range of 0.2-25.6 mu M, 0.05-12.8 mu M and 5-1200 mu M was obtained with a detection limit of 0.19 mu M, 0.039 mu M and 2.74 mu M for adenosine, adenine and uric acid respectively. Viability of the sensor was also tested in blood and urine samples, and it was found that the sensor is an excellent tool for the simultaneous determination of the above mentioned targets.