Journal
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
Volume 51, Issue 10, Pages 5101-5109Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11661-020-05913-y
Keywords
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Funding
- OSD-T&E (Office of Secretary Defense-Test and Evaluation), Defense-Wide/ National Defense Education Program (NDEP)/BA-1, Basic Research [PE0601120D8Z]
- Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-12-2-0022]
- Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research [N00014-18-1-2604]
- Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA0002442]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Office of Naval Research, Structural Metals Naval Materials Science and Technology
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The deformation-induced transformation of metastable austenite to martensite can contribute to improved performance of many steel alloys in a range of applications. For example, one class of Ni-containing steels that has undergone consecutive heat treatments of quenching (Q), lamellarization (L), and tempering (T) exhibits improved ballistic resistance and low-temperature impact toughness. To better understand the origin of this improvement, we tracked the volume fraction of austenite present in a QLT 10 wt pct Ni steel during compression at low and high strain rates ((epsilon) over dot = 0.001 s(-1) and (epsilon) over dot similar or equal to 2500 s(-1), respectively) using ex situ vibrating sample magnetometry measurements and in situ time-resolved X-ray diffraction measurements. We observe that the austenite-to-martensite transformation occurs more readily during quasi-static loading than during dynamic loading, even at small values of applied strain, which is qualitatively different from the behavior of steels known to undergo a strain-induced martensitic transformation mechanism. We propose that the strain-rate dependence of transformation in the QLT 10 pct Ni steel is dominated by the transformation in small austenite particles, where stress-assisted martensitic transformation is likely to be the dominant mechanism. Indirect evidence for this hypothesis is provided by electron backscatter diffraction measurements of deformed specimens.
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