Bio-redox potential of Hyphaene thebaica in bio-fabrication of ultrafine maghemite phase iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) for therapeutic applications

( )Maghemite (F2O3-NPs) nanoparticles were synthesized by a convenient, green and cost effective method using aqueous fruit extracts of Hyphaene thebaica. Different techniques like FTIR, XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, HR-TEM, EDS. SAED, Zeta potential were used to establish the nature of F2O3-NPs, while the therapeutic properties were studied using different biological assays including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition assays. XRD pattern revealed sharp peaks and a crystalline nature of F2O3-NPs. HR-TEM revealed quasi-spherical and cuboidal morphologies, while the particle size in similar to 10 nm. FTIR indicated a sharp peak centered at similar to 444 cm(-1) which is the characteristic Fe-O band vibration. SAED pattern indicated the crystalline nature while EDS also confirmed the synthesis of F2O3 NPs. Zeta potential was obtained in different solvents and physiological buffers indicating highest value in water (-26.5 mV) and lowest in DMSO (-15.8 mV). Tested bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis was found to be inhibited significantly. Aspergillus flavus appeared to be susceptible to all of the tested concentration of F2O3 NPs. Maximum 40.78% FRSA was obtained at 400 mu g/mL. Cell culture based studies on RD cells and L2OB cells indicated reduction in viability of cells with increase concentration of F2O3 NPs. Moderate inhibition of polio virus-1 and polio virus-2 was observed, after culturing the virus in the L2OB cells. Excellent Protein Kinase (PK) inhibition was revealed. Hemolytic potential and cytotoxic potential was indicated to be dose dependent. In conclusion, the present report for the first time reports the synthesis of F2O3 NPs from H. thebaica fruits and reveals their biomedical potential including antiviral potential.