Proton Pump Inhibitor Use Is Associated With Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Rectal Carriage at Hospital Admission: A Cross-Sectional Study

In this cross-sectional study, 8.5% of patients using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were rectal carriers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), compared with 2.9% of non-PPI users. In multivariable analysis, PPI use was independently associated with ESBL-E rectal carriage at hospital admission (adjusted odds ratio, 3.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.65 - 9.19).