Comparison of Three Screening Methods for Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Persons

Objective: The 2019 Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (AWGS 2019) recommends using either calf circumference or the strength, assistance in walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls (SARC-F) or SARC-F combined with calf circumference (SARC-CalF) questionnaires for sarcopenia screening. The aim of this study was to compare the ability and applicability of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF for screening sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and Participants: A total of 1050 community-dwelling older people were enrolled. Methods: Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the AWGS 2019 criteria: bioimpedance analysis for appendicular skeletal muscle index, hand grip, and 6-m gait speed test. Participants also completed the SARC-F questionnaire and calf circumference measurement. The screening tools' performances were evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the ROC curves (AUC), and sensitivity/specificity analyses. Results: Sarcopenia was identified in 263 (25.0%) participants by the AWGS 2019 criteria. Calf circumference had a sensitivity of 81.4% and a specificity of 77.0%. Sensitivity and specificity of SARC-F for screening sarcopenia were 17.9% and 93.7%, respectively. SARC-CalF improved the sensitivity of SARC-F (47.5%) while keeping similar specificity (92.0%). The AUCs of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARCCalF were 0.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.82], 0.56 (95% CI, 0.52-0.59), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.67-0.73), respectively. The differences across ROC curves were statistically significant among 3 screening tools (P < .001). Conclusions and Implications: The overall screening ability of calf circumference was better than that of SARC-F and SARC-CalF for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older persons despite gender, age, and cognitive function. SARC-F and SARC-CalF have high specificity but are susceptible to the preceding factors. (c) 2020 AMDA The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.

Automated summary

The aim of this study was to compare the ability and applicability of calf circumference, SARC-F, and SARC-CalF for screening sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults. The study found that calf circumference had higher sensitivity and specificity for sarcopenia screening compared to SARC-F and SARC-CalF, while SARC-F and SARC-CalF had high specificity but were susceptible to preceding factors.