Effect of reacting gas flowrates and hydration on the carbonation of anion exchange membrane fuel cells in the presence of CO2

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been widely touted as a low-cost alternative to existing proton exchange membrane fuel cells. However, one of the limitations of this technology has been the severe performance penalty related to the introduction of CO2 to the cell - typically in the air cathode feed. Introduction of CO2 into AEMFCs results in cell carbonation, which imparts thermodynamic, kinetic and Ohmic overpotentials that can add up to hundreds of millivolts. Therefore, it is important to find strategies and operational protocols for AEMFCs that minimize these overpotentials. In this paper, we investigate the impacts of the anode and cathode flowrate, as well as the cell hydration level, on the extent of cell carbonation and cell polarization. Key findings include: (1) decreasing the cathode flowrate generally decreases the total CO2-related voltage loss while changing the anode flowrate has a minimal effect; (2) increasing cell hydration helps to mitigate the performance loss in the presence of CO2; and (3) operational combinations are found that significantly reduce the CO2 penalty compared to the present literature.