Journal
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
Volume 124, Issue 27, Pages 14496-14502Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03465
Keywords
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Funding
- US DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-1537011]
- U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) [DE-EE0008560]
- Princeton Catalysis Initiative
- Department of Defense by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG)
- Innovative Research in Energy and the Environment award from the Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment at Princeton University
- Princeton Center for Complex Materials, a National Science Foundation MRSEC program [DMR-1420541]
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Strong coordination between Lewis-basic processing additives and the Lewis-acidic lead halide in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) precursor solutions is required to solubilize the lead halide, and subsequently access the appropriate crystallization kinetics and attain the desired morphology of perovskite active layers. While oxygen-donor solvents and additives, such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide, are widely used for perovskite processing, we demonstrate that soft sulfur-donor solvents exhibit stronger coordination to the borderline soft Lewis acid Pb2+ center of PbI2 relative to hard O-donor solvents in the precursor solution. The stronger coordination of S-donor solvents compared to O-donor solvents to Pb2+ implies that such compounds can be useful additives to HOIP precursor solutions. Density-functional calculations of the enthalpy change resulting from the coordination of solvents to Pb2+ provide direct numerical comparison of the strength of O-donor and S-donor coordination with Pb2+ and expands the library of candidate S-donor compounds. Our results provide a roadmap for processing additive selection and expand the previously limited choice of perovskite processing additives to include strongly coordinating S-donor compounds.
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